Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Body Art and the Asian Culture free essay sample
Body Art the Asian Culture Marcie Helman March 22, 2009 Body art is a definitive and visual part of the Asian culture used to identify social and religious representations. The term tattoo is derived from the Tahitian word tatu, meaning to mark [1]. Throughout history, many cultures have socially acceptable ways in which to showcase their individuality. Contrary to popular belief, in the Asian culture, body modification is typically considered to be distasteful and socially unacceptable. The resurgence and ultimate popularity of the Asian Hanzi and Kanji characters is most prevalent in todays younger generation. However, the significance of Asian characters used in todays modern society is not as symbolic as its ancient representation. In the early 1700s, the Japanese used tattoos as a form of branding as a classification of criminals within their society. Those who bore the mark of dishonor on their foreheads were called Ronin, a masterless samurai warrior[2]. We will write a custom essay sample on Body Art and the Asian Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These criminals were believed to be the grass root society in which the yakuza was born. The Yakuza felt that because tattooing was painful, it was a proof of courage; because it was permanent, it was evidence of lifelong loyalty to the group; and because it was illegal, it made them outlaws forever. Historians note that this type of punishment replaced the earlier ostracism of nose or ear amputation. These types of punishments are clearly very visible and physical attributes that cannot be shielded or otherwise hidden. The Horis, the Japanese tattoo artist, were the undisputed masters in the use of color, perspective and imaginative design. One of the most intricate and colorful tattoo designs is found in the Irezumi, a culturally Japanese form of the body art. Early Chinese traditions regarding body art is quite surprising given our modern culture and the freedom of expression. It was believed that in early China, the art of Ci Shen and Wen Shen[3], loosely translated means to puncture the body, was considered distasteful and was an uncommon practice because it was a desecration of the body. The Chinese believe that the body is a precious gift and must be treated with respect. To harm, or in this case, puncture, was clearly sacrilegious. Synonymous with the Japanese culture, it was also used as a form of branding for their criminal population. There are hundreds of islands that make up Polynesia (also referred to as Oceania) including the more well-known islands of Hawaii, Tahiti, New Zealand, Marquesas, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa. Early Polynesian history is not of written form, therefore, the use of this art to express their individuality was more pronounced than that of the Eastern lands of Japan and China. Most of what is known today within the French Polynesian society has been passed from generation to generation through legends, songs and ritual ceremonies. People were able to easily identify each others origins solely based on the design of their body art. Polynesian body art is used in many ritualistic and ceremonial rites of passage. Different symbols, design motifs and markings depict maturity, genealogy and rank within their society. Polynesian tattooing is considered to be the most intricate and skillful tattooing of the ancient world. It is believed that most everyone in ancient Polynesian society bore a tattoo; it was a symbol of their mana, their spiritual power or life force[4]. The design and placement on the body of the tattoo is decided by the master, a highly revered elder within the village and surrounding community. Other variables that determine design and location of the tattoo on the body are life events. An example would be if they were a warrior; preparing for or returning heroically from, battle. A composite of the more familiar Polynesian islands with their cultural adaptations regarding tattoos and interpretations within their social group will be elaborated below. Captain Cook had assisted in the popularity of this art by discussions with other British citizens. It has been noted that Mai, a Polynesian who accompanied Captain Cook back to the British Isles had become partly famous and enjoyed celebrity status because of his tattoos. By the middle of the 18th century, it had become a tradition in the British Navy and by 1862 was commonplace to have at least one professional tattoo artist in residence at most British ports[5]. In Thailand, the Sak Yant is a protective tattoo that covers the body of Thai soldiers. This is an ancient tradition that spans centuries. One of he most highly esteemed locations for Sak Yant is located about 30 miles west of Bangkok called the Wat Bang Phra Buddhist temple. In todays modern society, incorporating the use of both Asian character symbols as well as the Asian-inspired art such as dragons and tigers, the art has become much more a part of contemporary lifestyles. As cited above, the art of tattooingspans the Asian region in ways that are intricate with its culture. The direction in which tattooing as an ar t and personal statement seems to be making its inroads into the middle-class community, allowing our newest generation of twenty-somethings to lead the way. With the traditional Asian culture, it seems to be that even the most austere conservatives are more tolerant and accepting, maybe even allowing, this brand of individuality. It is also reflected in the popularity of American youths depiction of body art who are brandishing Asian inspired motifs that \are more concurrent with traditional styles. Most notably, North American statistics show that one in seven people have at least one tattoo further emphasizing how tattoos are appearing more frequently than in previous generations. REFERENCES
Sunday, November 24, 2019
Just Jackie essays
Just Jackie essays Like many other Americans, my fascination with Camelot and with the Kennedy family has been apparent since I first heard of the legacy. One of the most breathtaking and admiral women to grace the earth in the last century has been Jacqueline Lee Bouvier whom married the most famous of all the Kennedys, Jack. When Jack was inaugurated president in 1961 the White House and nation was brought a beautiful young wife and the first young children of the President in over half a century. As the First Lady, Jackie brought beauty, intelligence, and cultivated taste. Jackie born in 1929, was the daughter of John Vernon Bouvier and his wife, Janet Lee. Her early years were divided between New York City and East Hampton, Long Island, where she learned to ride almost as soon as she could walk. She was educated at the very best of private school. She learned to write poems and stories, draw illustrations for them, and studied classical ballet. Her mother obtained a divorce from Jackies father and remarried Hugh D. Auchincloss in 1942. The change brought Jackie and her younger sister Lee to a home near Washington, D.C. called, Merrywood. Jacqueline was named the Debutante of the year for the 1947-1948 season, but still after all her success socially she continued her education. As a young girl, Jackies father taught her that the way women gained power would be by associating themselves with powerful men. In many ways it seemed as Jackie and her father were more like confidants rather then father and daughter. Being the child of a verbal alcoholi c father, Jackie had learned to block things out at a young age. She spent her adult life striving to do this and trying to please her mother. She spent her junior year in college in France as a Vassar University student and traveled extensively. These travels left her with a great acceptance and understanding for foreign countries, and their pe...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Case Study Changing Nestle Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Changing Nestle - Case Study Example Efficient CEOs like Helmut Maucher and Brabeck-Letmathe initiated radical changes in the organization. Large-scale and transformational changes are necessary for maintaining organizational survival. Clardy says about the organization change as, â€Å"the field organization change was long equated with organization development (OD), whose proponents were up-front with the bona fides of their approach: full disclosure, informed consent, inclusive participation, and so on.†(Rothwell, Stavros, Sullivan & Sullivan, R. A, 2009, p. 12). The OD includes the dispositions to improve their organizations by applying knowledge from the behavioral sciencesâ€â€psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, and other related disciplines. Analyzing the changes taken place in the Nestle shows that the firm had undergone both the first order change and second order change. In a first order change, the firm makes only some changes in terms of transactional and organizational climate. On the ot her hand, Nestle had undergone a second order change in terms of transformational changes. Some of the important organizational changes were as follows. First order changes 1. Nestle started to transfer executives Switzerland to United States. 2. Nestle concentrated on the strengthening and centralization of its IT departments. 3. Started to purchase local subsidiaries in local markets and began to expand globally. Second order changes 1. Nestle completely refurbished the executive board with ten executives replaced (Palmer et al, 2005) 2. Nestle started to diversify its markets through their introduction into cosmetic and pharmaceutical markets. 3. Nestle introduced the acquisition and merger of several companies. The second order change is more evident in the organization. Transformational change had taken place as the organization switched from entrepreneurial to a wider and more professional management. An important transformational change that had taken place in the organizatio n was involvement in other fields of business through product diversification. In the same way, the acquisitions and mergers provided them accelerated growth, and increased popularity and reputation. However, throughout the course of change, the company took extra care in sustaining employees’ loyalty, impression, motivation, self belongingness, and positive behavior, even though the management had applied some ‘mid-management change theory’. As Palmer et al (2005) state, the change occurred in Nestle, emphasized by Peter Brabeck-Lemathe as incremental change. It is based on his leadership mindset, which focuses on substance over style, with strong dedication, and long term approach to growing business. In contradiction to Peter’s concept of incremental change on Nestle’s overall business, the incremental change was not incremental at all. Its market had expanded due to the aggressive acquisition of a number of food industries and due to the automat ion and integration of all its worldwide operation to facilitate better coordination in an aggressive strategic move; and the move had ended in closing 38 factories and cutting $1.6 billion in cost while improving the company’s ability to obtain volume discount, which Peter meant was incremental (‘Peter Brabeck-Letmathe-1944’). The three important lessons coming from the frontline are downsizing through retrenchment and down scoping,
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
The evalution of copycats impact in market Essay - 1
The evalution of copycats impact in market - Essay Example premise encompassed high-similarity copycats would loose while the subtle copycats gain in the presence of a leader brand (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). Since, the clients will be capable of making critical comparisons backed by former theories, which they have regarding the leader brand. Therefore, the article’s authors hypothesized that â€Å"shopping situation†usually avails consumers with an ample time meant to explicitly compare copycat brands with the leader, whereby the blatant lose and the subtle copycats gain (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). To prove this hypothesis, the authors utilized both comparative and noncomparative evaluations to ascertain which copycats’ category would gain or lose under each test (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). Results indicated that, moderate-similarity copycats gained under comparative evaluation contrary to high-similarity copycats because leader brands acted as their standard measures (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). Conversely, high-similarity copycats gained under noncomparative evaluation whereas the moderate or subtle lost due to the assimilation aspect (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). In the latter test, there was no leader brand meant for comparison, hence the clients ended up suggesting the high-similarity copycats being close to the standard brand (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). In conclusion, despite a recent court ruling declaring reputation riding is unacceptable, subtle copycats will still benefit without the leader brands’ corporations prosecuting them (Van Horen & Pieters,
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Latin America - Essay Example One of the key areas of influence was on the Latin American economy. As the article above highlights, there are two different forms of economies in the region, and this highlights how the different European countries that conquered Latin America had different economic policies and approaches. For example, Spain conquered Latin America in order to exploit the natural resources in the region and export them to Europe. This form of exploration favored the state controlled type of economy, which, according to the article, persists till today. On the other hand, countries such as Netherlands and England favored free trade where they allowed for the production of sugar, cotton and tobacco, which were sold to other countries for profit. These were the basis of globalization and free markets. This explains why certain countries in the region have shown greater economic success than others. In the article for instance, Luhnow argues that the Pacific-facing countries have shown higher levels of economic growth by taking advantage of globalization compared to their Atlantic facing counterparts who have favored state controls. For example, the author notes that Argentina has immensely suffered from the heavy-handed regulation. This article gives a clear picture of how Latin America has been influenced by the different European countries that colonized the
Friday, November 15, 2019
Obscenity And Vulgarity To Be Eschewed Media Essay
Obscenity And Vulgarity To Be Eschewed Media Essay The advancement of science and growth of modern technology and information has made things very easy to circulate and communicate to the entire world. We today easily get information of earthquakes or landslide happening in any part of the world with the help of satellite. To make this world a compact place and connecting everyone with fast and easy medium the media has placed a very crucial role. There were days when passing of news took day and days and now with just a click the entire news reaches the world in seconds. With the media becoming globalised the content of the news which is been circulated has become much vulnerable. When the audience of whole world at large is approached if becomes obvious that at times western country approached could hurt the sentiments of people of eastern country and vice versa. To avoid differences regulations must be formed to regulate which content would be suitable for display for a particular group of audience. Obscenity is one such ingredien t which prohibits content from being screened or displayed. Obscenity can be in common terms be called mind pollution, a social problem which is been affecting our society at large. Obscenity can be defined as any photograph, figure, picture, write up, video or a public act which corrupts the minds and appeals to the prurient interests or which is not acceptable with social moral standards would be called obscene and vulgar. Off late, the media has played a major role in promoting obscenity by way of semi-nude ads, video-graphy, news in the form of soft-porn and much more. They are certainly putting at stake the values of an entire generation just for a little more circulation, readership, viewership and a little more money. Obscenity is affecting us, our children, the various facets of a society, heres how: Women and children are the worst hit by the growth and exposure to obscenity. There is a direct link between the violence being shown in media and the actual act of violence against women. The cases of molestation,sexual harassment and rape are on the rise contributing to this is the constant bombardment of sex, nudity and violence in the media. Obscenity is also leading to the young generations growing interest in indulging in sexual activities, further causing problems such as premarital sex, teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases and much more. Future threats of an open show of obscenity could be as harmful as the loss of ethics in the coming generations. In a country where marriage is considered a pure bond and sex serves a valuable purpose of sharing love and purity, obscenity is getting this bond a new meaning of an animal act, for the purpose of fulfilling ones sexual needs the female body becoming a mere object. FORUM AGAINST OBSCENITY OBSCENITY : A FORM OF MIND POLLUTION    Earth pollution is bad. Water and Noise pollution is worse. Air pollution is still worse. But the worst of all is Mind Pollution. It corrupts the most valuable trait of Human Species : It corrupts THINKING. One of the most common forms of Mind Pollution observed today is OBSCENITY WHY MOVEMENT AGAINST OBSCENITY  ·Ã‚          In last few years, a large Section of the Media and particularly the Leading ones have taken liberty to flout all Norms related to Obscenity. A systemic overdose of Nudity and Vulgarity is being forced into the brain of  common Viewer through News Papers, Television, Films, Magazines, Hoardings, and Posters.  ·Ã‚          Their purpose is to use a cheap short cut to catch attention and thus beat competition. They want to make quick money by selling their real matter mixed with so called HOT STUFF.  ·Ã‚          The long term effect of this bombardment of sex and nudity is resulting in corrupting the Thought Process because thoughts are bound to come according to what you see, read and hear.  ·Ã‚          The psychologists all over the world are cautioning that exposure to Media violence and sex, have damaging impact on the children and minors and youth.  ·Ã‚          Common man and Parents of young children are worried, they feel helpless and frustrated. Their Right of bringing up their children in a Mind Pollution Free Atmosphere is snatched away.  ·Ã‚          This Long lasting damage cannot be checked individually. It needs a Mass Movement.  ·Ã‚          This restlessness has evolved into a large number of NGOs and individuals coming together in the form of this FORUM AGAINST OBSCENITY HOW DO YOU DEFINE OBSCENITY o         Any picture, photograph, Figure, article, write up, etc. or a Public Act which depraves or corrupts the mind and which appeals to the prurient interests or which is against the acceptable social moral standards would be called obscene and vulgar. o         The condition in which you would feel ashamed to see your mother or wife or daughter, is obscene. THE PRESENT SCENARIO o         Television Channels are full of adult contents. o         The films and Serials show detailed rapes and sex sequences. o         Music videos have half naked girls dancing, making suggestive gestures, almost performing pornography. o         Newspapers like Mid-Day, Mumbai Mirror, Bombay Times etc are full of photographs of half or almost naked actresses and models. Kamasutra is printed. Sex Experts are guiding and solving difficulties being faced in Premarital Sex. o         The News Channels shamelessly show pornography and uncensored scenes of Adult films in the name of News. o         The posters of the films are made from those scenes, which are deleted by the censor board. The posters of films and hoardings of advertisements are so vulgar that it is difficult for women to walk with their heads up on the road. WHAT ARE THE RESULTS o         There is a direct link between the violence being shown in media and the actual act of violence against women. The cases of molestation, sexual harassment and rape are on the rise due to this constant bombardment of sex, nudity and violence in the media. In Mumbai there have been instances of 12 and 13 year old boys raping 9 year old girl, copying the act from television. o         Premarital Sex and Extramarital Sex is fast growing and is gaining Social Acceptance in the new Generation. WHAT ARE THE FUTURE THREATS o         Marriage as an Institution is under threat. Like in West, the cases of Divorce are increasing. The Indian Culture of a Life Long Vow of faithful marital life is likely to get eroded. The Foundation of FAMILY is being dynamited. o         Sex, instead of a serving a valuable purpose of maintaining intimacy and bond of Love between husband and wife, may get reduced to a sheer Animal Act. o         Teenagers and minors are indulging in sexual activities due to constant hammering of adult content in the media. o         The body of a woman has become an object of entertainment and  a mere commodity to draw peoples attention. WHAT DOES THE LAW SAY o         Article 19 of the constitution does guarantee freedom of speech and expression. However it clearly states that this freedom is subject to reasonable restrictions. Among various grounds of restriction, social moral standards and decency are also included. o         Indian Penal Code 292 states that any obscene and vulgar act, video, audio, poster, printed material displayed in public are punishable offence. o         The Indecent Representation of Women [prohibition] Act 1986, states that depiction of the figure, body, or any part of a womans body, which is denigrating women or likely to corrupt Public Morality is a punishable offence. o         The Cable Television Network Act clearly mentions that 24 hours NO ADULT programme can be shown on television. [The criteria for the Adult content is the same as followed by the Censor Board] ARGUMENTS SUPPORTING OBSCENITY o         The freedom of Expression is a Fundamental Right Our answer- In a civilized society no freedom can be ABSOLUTE or UNLIMITED. The freedom of Expression as per Law is subject to reasonable restrictions, including the ground of social moral norms and standards. Had this been a free for all right then our Laws would not declare indecent representation of women, obscenity and vulgarity in public as a punishable offence. o         Obscenity is a subjective issue. It is in the eyes of the Beholder. Our answer- One of the signs of primitive man getting civilized was that he started wearing Leafs and Barks of Trees. It has been a long gradual process of human civilization. If today so called liberals are advocating nudity in the name of liberalization then they are taking us back to the primitive man and primitive civilization. Keeping the society in mind, whatever generally is not acceptable in the society is called obscene, for example: wearing a bikini in the beach is normal but wearing it in a public place is objectionable and obscene. Having sex in closed rooms is normal, but doing it in public, even by legally married couple is objectionable. o         Sex Education is a good thing which is being imparted indirectly by these Our answer The vulgar and suggestive Displays instigate their unripe mind to indulge in sex. They get wrong notions about Sex Act. Education needs to be given scientifically in a class room. o         This amounts to Moral Policing Our Answer: Can there be an Expiry Date to Morality !! Our Laws do make a mention of Morality as a basis. WHAT ARE THE PLANS OF FORUM AGAINST OBSCENITY o         To create Mass Awareness on this subject o         To initiate Legal Action against Violators through specific Complaint and through Public Interest  Litigation o         Social Boycott and Public protest against Violators through Articles, Morcha, Dharna etc o         To catalyze similar Movements in all parts of the Country o         To garner Support of Right minded and Like Minded Media o         To approach Associations / Federations of Media for making guidelines for their Members and for ensuring it o         To study the existing Laws and point out the need to change it, through Amendment / Addition. To take up the issue of Amendments with Govt. WHAT CAN AN INDIVIDUAL DO o         It is time that We as concerned and responsible citizens raise our voice to stop this sex, violence and vulgarity in media including Television, Newspapers, Films and posters of films. o         It is time that we raise our voice against this shameless display of womans body and her commodification in the name of entertainment, against the shameless and blatant violations of Laws, making the society unsafe for our Future Generation. o         Please join hands in this fight against vulgarity and violence in media. Express your support by writing to us. o         Lodge Complaint against Cases of Obscenity wherever you see. Attach a photo of the Obscene matter with details of location, date etc. The Complaint has to be lodged with Deputy Commissioner of Police, Enforcement, Office of Commissioner of Police,  Opp.  Crawford Market, Mumbai 400 001 o         Write to Hon. Minister, Information and Broadcasting, Hon. Chief minister, Hon. Home Minister, Director General of Police ( DGP ) and Commissioner of Police, asserting your Right to live and bring up your children in an atmosphere free of Obscenity and Violence. o         Write to Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting Ministry at Shastri Bhavan, New Delhi , and demand that no Adult content should be shown at any time on the television. Demand that all Private TV Channels be converted to Pay Channels so that you can see the channels of your choice only and prevent undesirable channels in your home. o         Mark copy of all above to us at address below o         Discuss this common Cause with your Family, Friends, and Society and create awareness and a sense of responsibility to do something. Convert this Movement into an all India Movement of Crores of well meaning Citizens. o         Organize and Join the Protest Rallies / Morchas wherever possible. o         Communicate with those indulging in Obscenity and make efforts to convince them to desist from Obscenity o         Boycott  those Media and News Papers which promote Nudity. o         Contribute financially towards the campaigns by the Forum.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
The Great Depression :: American History Economy Essays
The Great Depression There had been financial panics before, and there have been some since, but never did a collapse in the market have such a devastating and long-term effect. Like a snowball, it formed and swept away the whole economy before it. Businesses closed, putting millions out of work. Banks failed by the hundreds. Wages for those who were fortunate enough to still have work fell drastically. The value of money decreased as the demand for goods declined. The international structure of world trade collapsed, and each nation sought to protect its own industrial base by imposing high tariffs on imported goods. This only made matters worse. By the fall of 1931, the international gold standard had collapsed, further damaging any hope for the recovery of trade. This started a series of currency devaluations in several countries, because these nations realized that a devalued currency posed at least a temporary advantage in the struggle to find markets for their goods. This was the start of the Great Depression of 1929 to 1940, which began and centered in the United States but spread quickly throughout the industrial world. By 1932, United States industrial output had been cut in half. One fourth of the labor force (about 15 million people) was out of work, and there was no such thing as unemployment insurance. Hourly wages had dropped by about 50 percent. Prices for agricultural products dropped to their lowest level since the Civil War. More than 90,000 businesses failed completely. For nearly every unemployed person, their were dependents who needed to be fed and housed. This massive poverty and hunger had never before been known in the United States. Former millionaires stood on street corners trying to sell apples at 5 cents apeice. Hundreds of pitiful shantytowns, called Hoovervilles in honor of the unfortunate Republican president who presided over the disaster, sprang up all over the country to shelter the homeless. People slept under "Hoover blankets" (old newspapers) in the out-of-doors. People waited in bread lines in every city, hoping for something to eat. In 1931 alone, more than 20,000 Americans committed suicide. The theme song of the time was "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" For anyone who did have money, depression America was a shopper's paradise. A new home could be bought for less than $3,000. A man's suit costed about $10, a shirt about 50 cents, and a pair of shoes about $4.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Social Networks and the Arab Spring
â€Å"An Examination of the Role of Online Social Networks in the Uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt in 2010-11†In the academic research and journalism about the Arab Spring, there are contrasting views surrounding the importance of the Internet and online social networks in the success of the uprisings. Did the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt give validity to Egyptian Google executive Wael Ghonim’s claim that â€Å"if you want to liberate a society, just give them Internet†(Ghonim CNN), or was the function of online social networks greatly exaggerated by international media to highlight Western ideals of democracy?This research paper will closely analyze the extent to which these online social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, mobile phone networks, and YouTube were used as tools for the organization and mobilization of civil disobedience in Tunisia and Egypt in 2010-11. It will examine the role and impact of online social networks and will assess whether they we re merely extensions of offline communities or if they played an integral and mandatory role in these uprisings.Though this paper will investigate the range of opinion on the impact of digital media in the Arab Spring, it will argue that online social networks played an integral role for Tunisian and Egyptian citizens in their rapid and successful uprisings. Online social networks blur geographical boundaries, which create opportunities for widespread communication, effective organization, mobilization of citizens, and the sharing of videos locally and internationally.Before the proliferation of digital media in the Middle East, these opportunities were not available to citizens and communication was limited to individual communities or offline networks. The combination and collaboration of already established offline networks, various digital technologies, and online social networks lead to the success of the civilians in overthrowing their governments.Despite the years of civil di scontent and corruption in both the Ben Ali and Hosni Mubarak governments, revolution did not occur until digital media provided the opportunity for different communities and individuals to unite around their shared upsets and create mobilization strategies online. In Tunisia and Egypt, â€Å"social media have become the scaffolding upon which civil society can build, and new information technologies give activists things that they did not have before: information networks not easily controlled by the state and coordination tools that are already embedded in trusted networks of family and friends†(Howard 2011).It will be shown that although online social networks act as an extension of the offline public sphere, their role in these uprisings was integral in creating an organizational infrastructure and to generate international awareness and aid against the corrupt governments. Discontent had been brewing in Tunisia for years during President Zine El Ben Ali’s rule. I n 2009 he was reelected for a fifth term with an overwhelmingly fraudulent 89% of voters (Chrisafis, 2011).Despite years of suffering from an oppressive regime, rising unemployment rates, and censorship, it was not until the self-immolation of a vendor, Mohamed Bouazizi, was documented and transmitted online that the revolution gained the awareness and support it needed to make a difference. There had been previous acts of protest, but â€Å"what made a difference this time is that the images of Bouazizi were put on Facebook†(Beaumont, 2011).A relative of Bouazizi, Rochdi Horchani, went so far as to state, â€Å"we could protest for years here, but without videos no one would take any notice of us†(Chrisafis, 2011). The revolutions in Tunisia inspired Egyptian activists to use similar tactics to evoke change in their own corrupt government. Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak ruled over Egypt from 1981 to 2011, when he was overthrown by the organized and effective protes ts of Egyptian citizens.Although social media and digital technologies had little to do with the underlying sociopolitical and socioeconomic factors behind the civil discontent, they played a rapid role in the disintegration of these two regimes. In addition, even though corruption had been occuring for many years in the governments, â€Å"all inciting incidents of the Arab Spring were digitally mediated in some way†(Hussain, 2012) whether it was documented and disseminated online or discussed on an online social network.The corruption and discontent of the citizens may have inevitably lead to protests in both countries, but â€Å"social media was crucial†(Khondker, 2011) due to it’s communication and organizational abilities. The cruciality of online social networks and digital technologies is contested by theorists who argue that â€Å"other sociological factors such as widespread poverty and governmental ineptitude had created the conditions for extensive public anger†(Hussain, 2011) and that these preexisting conditions caused the revolutions.Several pundits including Gladwell and Friedman argue, â€Å"that while Facebook and Twitter may have had their place in social change, the real revolutions take place in the street†(Hussain, 2011). Though these theorists are correct in their attribution to the already existing political discontent for the preconditions to the revolution, online social networks acted as a necessary extension of offline social networks and action. It is likely the successes of the protests in the streets would not have been as large without the communication potential of digital media.One pundit attributed the lack of violence in the revolutions to the digital media stating that the use of online social networks â€Å"may have less to do with fostering Western-style democracy than in encouraging relatively less violent forms of mass protest†(Stepanova, 2011). Now that citizens had other ve ssels to communicate internationally and were no longer censored and controlled by their state regulated media, the governments could not be so open about their brutality.Pundits such as Gladwell and Friedman overlook the fact that â€Å"digital media allowed local citizens access to international broadcast networks, networks which were then used by online civil society organizations to lobby advocacy campaigns†(Hussain, 2012). It was these social networks that aided Tunisian and Egyptian citizens with their success in the streets. The Arab Spring has also been attributed the nickname of â€Å"The Twitter Revolution†(Stepanova, 2011) due to the large role Twitter and Facebook played in the uprisings.This nickname gives light to another contrasting perspective about the importance of online social networks being highlighted by international media to emphasize the role of Western ideals of democracy. Due to the fact that digital technologies and online social networks proliferated the West before the Middle East, the U. S claims credit for the democratizing effects they had on the Middle East during the Arab Spring (Stepanova, 2011). By emphasizing the power of new technologies in spreadingWestern democratic values, this approach ignores the socioeconomic and social equality dimensions of the massive protests in the Arab world. Ekaterina Stepanova states that â€Å"the automatic connection [The United States] makes between social media and a Western-style democracy agenda†(Stepanova, 2011) is a weak link in U. S policy. Social media tools with identical functions can operate differently in developed versus developing countries.It was not just the Western media which stressed the role of online social networks in the Arab Spring, but also local media and the civilians themselves. The role of Twitter and Facebook may have been emphasized in Western media due to their nationalistic attitude, but this should not downplay the actual importance that these technologies held in the uprising. During the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt, social networks were the key factor in the communication, mobilization, and organization of civilians.Civilians used their mobile phones or computers to access online social networks where they could discuss and plan tactics for the revolution, and disseminate messages and photos of what was occurring. During the anti-Mubarak protests, an Egyptian activist put it succinctly in a tweet: â€Å"we use Facebook to schedule the protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world†(Hussain, 2012). In the ‘Jasmine Revolution’, the role of mobile phones was integral in both sharing and receiving information. The phone acted as a tool which aided in the extension of offline networks into online.Now, civilians did not need to be face to face to communicate messages of discontent or plans for rebellion as they had mobile networks. The ability to message many people at one ti me of access their Facebook or Twitter from their phone was invaluable to the rebels. Reporters without Borders stated that â€Å"the role of cell phones also proved crucial [in Tunisia]. Citizen journalists kept file-sharing websites supplied with photos and videos, and fed images to streaming websites†(Reporters without Borders, 2011).It was not just the vast communication abilities that aided citizens in the revolt, but by putting cameras in the hands of a plethora of Tunisians they became citizen journalists with the ability to show what was happening to them to the world. The ability for citizens to take part in news is very valuable as this was a time where all media broadcast institutions were state run. The great difference between what was being reported about through the citizens versus the state allowed those uprisings to share their side of the story.Government censorship was a huge problem in both Tunisia and Egypt, but censorship â€Å"made the new media more relevant†(Khondker, 2011). Social media was very useful for the citizens as it â€Å"brought the narrative of successful social protest across multiple, previously closed, media regimes†(Hussain, 2012). It was due to the mobile phone and heavy proliferation of online social networks that citizens could show proof of the injustices that were occurring through photo and video documentation on an international scale.In addition, communicating online was very effective for civilians since they could plan out offline protests with a mass audience. As stated, the internet blurs geographical boundaries, which allows revolutionary leaders and advocates to find each other and communicate online. Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter provided citizens with a platform to discuss plans of action and reach mass audiences. The ability to reach so many people online was essential since â€Å"information and communication networks can serve as powerful accelerators of social transformation†(Stepanova, 2011).Facebook groups such as â€Å"We Are All Khaled Said†enlisted 350,000 members before the 14th of January (Khondker, 2011). This group provided the members with an incomparable medium of communication to anything offline social networks could provide. In addition, other than attempted media blackouts by the governments, communication was rather unlimited online. Activists posted relatively freely, which indicated that â€Å"new information technology has clearly the transformative potential to open up spaces of freedom†(Khondker, 2011).The idea of online spaces as democratic and free draw upon Jurgen Habermas‘ concept of the public sphere. There are integral benefits of the internet in relation to Habermas’ public sphere, such as the vast library of easily accessible information, a new platform for critical political discussion, the blurring of spacial boundaries, and the embracing of new technology. In the Arab Spr ing, the usage of the internet empowered Habermas’ concept of deliberative democracy, which highlights â€Å"the role of open discussion, the importance of citizen participation, and the existence of a well-functioning public sphere†(Gimmler, 23).Habermas holds that deliberative democracy is based â€Å"on a foundation that enables the legitimacy of the constitutional state and civil society to be justified†(Gimmler, 23). He separates the â€Å"constitutional democratic state and its parliamentary and legal institutions, on one side, and the public sphere of civil society and its more direct communication and discursive foundations, on the other†(Gimmler 24). The opposition between the corrupt governments and civilians was represented on online social networks.Civilians used social networks as spaces of deliberative democracy, which acted as an online public sphere. Henry Brady states that â€Å"meaningful democratic participation requires that the vo ices of citizens in politics be clear, loud, and equal†(Hindeman, 6), online social networks give power to those voices that are silenced by state regulations. The fact that â€Å"information technologies have opened up new paths to democratization and the entrenchment of civil society in many Arab countries†(Hussain, 2012) attests to their function as a public sphere.Though there were effective offline social networks such as the Church, family, and friends, â€Å"the networks of people who did mobilize, did so with the direct application, initiation, and coordination, of digital media tools†(Hussain, 2012). Online social networks acted as extensions of offline networks that were already present, but also provided the opportunity to reach a much larger amount of people. The plans and decisions made on the online networks made the offline protests so successful. Virtual networks materialized before street protest networks†(Hussain, 2012), which shows th e importance of online social networks. In the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt, there was no single social network that was completely responsible for the success of the revolution. Instead, it was the combination of mobile phones, the internet, and traditional broadcast media which aided citizens in forming powerful networks which strengthened their cause. Castells defines a network society as â€Å"a society whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics-based information and communication technologies.By social structure, [he] understands the organizational arrangements of humans in relations of experience and power expressed in meaningful communication coded by culture†(Castells, 2004). This definition accurately describes the atmosphere in both Tunisia and Egypt during their revolutions due to the reliance on online social networks. In both Tunisia and Egypt, there was a manifestation of technology which aided citizens in communicating. Social net working sites, instantaneous internet, and always-available mobile phones created a powerful network which allowed citizens to always be connected to each other.Some degree of formal organizational and informal networks is necessary for revolution in order to communicate and plan. Egyptians utilized heavy social media connectivity through the use of the mobile device via texting of internet through their phone rather than personal computer. One Egyptian citizen tweeted on January 26th, 2011 â€Å"You who have Twitter and Facebook working on your phone, use them to spread words of hope. We won’t let this end here #jan25 was just the start†(Boyd, 2011).Citizens were encouraging each other to avoid traditional forms of communications via the internet to avoid government censorship and interference. Castells stated that â€Å"thus was born a new system of mass communication built like a mix between an interactive television, internet, radio and mobile communication syste ms. The communication of the future is already used by the revolutions of the present†(Castells, 2011, emphasis on the original) when describing the use of technologies in the Arab Spring. The issue of censorship posed a large barricade on the protesters due to their reliance on social networks and the internet.The Ben Ali regime realized the importance of Facebook in early January 2011 and stepped up their censorship with attempts to curb the heavy distribution of photos of protests and repression. There was increasing interest from the foreign media due to the power of ICT’s in spreading the story worldwide, which also influenced the state to up online censorship. The head of the Agencie Tunisienne d’Internet (ATI) said â€Å"the number of websites blocked by the authorities doubled in just a few weeks. More than 100 Facebook pages about the Sidi Bouzid events were blocked, along with online articles about the unrest in foreign media†¦ olice also hacked into Facebook accounts to steal activists passwords and infiltrate networks of citizen-journalists†(Reporters Without Borders, 2011) . It was the power of networks which allowed the citizens to overcome the censorship of the government. Due to the many options of communications devices, when one was blocked citizens would resort to another. In addition, citizens found ways around the internet blockage and activist hacker groups rebutted with hacks on government websites and found technical ways to pass on news and demands from inside Tunisia.The positive role of technology within the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt cannot be disputed. Although, such heavy use of technology caused the corrupt governments to attempt to intervene, the positives far outweigh the negatives. Information and communications technologies allowed oppressed citizens to rise above the government through the power of mobility, networks, and information. The portability of the cell phones partnered with the creation of networks through the multiple technologies utilized allowed the voice of the citizens to be heard worldwide.The positive effect these technologies had in empowering the both the Tunisians and the Egyptians is clear in the mere rapidity that they overthrew their corrupt governments once they started revolting. In addition, it is clear that these ICT’s had a large effect since the government responded so harshly towards them, clearly feeling threatened. Overall, it is evident that ICT’s played a large role in the effective and swift revolutions which started the domino effect of the Arab Spring. *Copy Right- Nobody has permission to use my work in their own academic research*
Friday, November 8, 2019
10 Tips for When You Cant Find a Job After College
10 Tips for When You Cant Find a Job After College In an ideal world, every college graduate would find their dream job immediately. However, this is simply not the case and many students find themselves struggling to find work. With student loans to pay back and living expenses to cover this is a stressful situation to find yourself in, which is why we’ve put together these tips for what to do when you can’t find a job after college. 1 – Reduce Your Living Costs If you can’t find a job after college, one of the most pressing issues is going to be your financial situation. How are you going to feed yourself and keep a roof over your head? The first step is to look at ways to reduce your living costs. You might want to think about moving back home if it is an option as this will drastically reduce your living costs. You can also defer your student loans and work out a strict budget for the next few months to make the money you do have last. 2 – Apply for Job It might seem like a bit of a no brainer, but you won’t find work if you are not applying for jobs. It is easy to get disheartened and give up after a few rejections, but you must keep your eye on the prize. Apply for every single job that comes up. You should be sending out resumes and filling out applications daily. If you dont have job experience, you should read some tips on how to write resume with no job experience. Dont forget that its a good idea to ask professionals to write your resume. Also, don’t forget to write multiple cover letters suited to different jobs. 3 – Give Yourself a Social Media Audit One reason why you can’t find a job after college could be that your social media profile is putting potential employers off! It is increasingly common for employers to look up potential candidates on social media. If your profile is littered with drunken snapshots at the dorm parties, then you could be giving the wrong impression. Take a little time to remove anything that could be potentially off-putting and start sharing some of your other interests. 4 – Spend Some Time Networking Sometimes, when it comes to finding a job its not what you know, its who you know! If you can’t find a job after college then you need to start networking. Attend career fairs, college alumni events, networking luncheons and conferences. It is also a good idea to join LinkedIn if you haven’t already. Start getting to know the movers and shakers in your chosen industry and they might just thrown you a bone when a job opportunity arises! 5 – Consider Staying in School If it is beginning to look like you are not going to find a job when you graduate, you do have the option of returning to school for some additional qualifications. This may not be an ideal situation, but it could pay off in the long run. 6 – Broaden Your Job Search If you can’t find a job after college then you may need to broaden your job search. If there is nothing available in terms of your dream job, think about other jobs within the same industry that you might also enjoy. Sometimes working within the industry of choice can get your foot in the door. For example, even taking an admin role in a pharmaceutical company could potentially put you on the road to a laboratory job. 7 – Work Part Time If broadening your search within the industry doesn’t work, then you may need to cast the net even wider. You may not have envisioned working part time in retail or fast food after completing your degree but taking a part time job will at least allow you to bring in some money while you search for the dream job. Part time hours also mean you still have plenty of time for job hunting. If you are lucky, maybe you can find something part time that relates loosely to your ideal career which will give you something to build upon. 8 – Volunteer to Gain Experience Another common reason why you can’t find a job after college is that many employers want people with experience. This creates a catch 22 situation where you can’t get a job without experience, but you can’t get experience because nobody will give you a job. The answer is to volunteer! Offer to work for free in your chosen field either as part of an internship or just given up a few hours a week. This will get you experience in the industry which will help strengthen your resume. However, you should know that there are more benefits of volunteering besides getting experience. 9 – Start a Blog Sometimes, you just need to find ways to put yourself out there. If you truly have an interest in the industry you want to work in, then why not start a blog about it? Get your name out there and position yourself as an expert in your field. It may take a little effort to grow your audience and build a healthy following on social media, but once your name is out there you may well find job offers coming to find you rather than you having to hunt them down. However, a word of caution. This is not the easy route to finding a job. It takes hard work and dedication. 10 – Start Your Own Business Finally, if you have exhausted all other options and you still can’t find a job after college, why not consider starting your own business? Think about the skills you possess and how you can market them. If you are a great academic writer, you could try freelance editing or journalism. Computer wizards might start their own IT company. The possibilities are endless. Heres a small guide on how to become entrepreneur while youre still student. In conclusion, if you can’t find a job after college, try not to be too hard on yourself. It is not always easy to get started in your chosen career and you may need to make a few changes along the way. One thing to remember is that your lack of employment is not necessarily your fault. Do not give up hope, a little persistence is sure to pay off in the end and you will soon find your way in life. Good luck!
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Free Essays on Advantages Of Solar Energy
The use of solar energy with today’s technology would greatly decrease much of the harm to the environment, as well as eventually alleviate much of the world’s financial strain on both a large and small scale level. Since there are many categories of solar energy it is important to find the one most suitable for the entire world’s population. Through out my research I have found that the best method of utilizing solar energy is that of solar cells for the simple fact that the benefits of using a solar cell system clearly outweigh the costs in comparison to the ratio of the other systems. Of the six disadvantages discussed in the class textbook (Need access to sun, Low efficiency, Need electricity storage system or backup, High land use, high costs, and DC current must be converted to AC) all are seemingly not a huge sacrifice. The most important problem that I can see, as far as for the U.S. consumer industry, is the high cost, which is expected to reach a compet itive level for the energy industry within the next 10 to 15 years. The solar cell model, in my opinion would most surly come as a great advantage for much of the third world especially. Many of the third world countries do not have significant, if any, restraints on the amount of dangerous emissions allowed to enter the environment, a change to solar cell energy would eliminate a large portion of the pollution coming form these countries, not to mention the fact that the majority of the third would countries lie closer to the equator then the rest of the 1st world, a great bonus for sun accessibility. Another major issue concerning energy is that of nuclear energy. Based on the discussion with my classmates, and the information given in the lecture, I have to lean my opinion toward promoting the use of nuclear energy; but with some limitations. The high costs of building the nuclear power plants seems to have been an issue of the past because of frequently changing laws... Free Essays on Advantages Of Solar Energy Free Essays on Advantages Of Solar Energy The use of solar energy with today’s technology would greatly decrease much of the harm to the environment, as well as eventually alleviate much of the world’s financial strain on both a large and small scale level. Since there are many categories of solar energy it is important to find the one most suitable for the entire world’s population. Through out my research I have found that the best method of utilizing solar energy is that of solar cells for the simple fact that the benefits of using a solar cell system clearly outweigh the costs in comparison to the ratio of the other systems. Of the six disadvantages discussed in the class textbook (Need access to sun, Low efficiency, Need electricity storage system or backup, High land use, high costs, and DC current must be converted to AC) all are seemingly not a huge sacrifice. The most important problem that I can see, as far as for the U.S. consumer industry, is the high cost, which is expected to reach a compet itive level for the energy industry within the next 10 to 15 years. The solar cell model, in my opinion would most surly come as a great advantage for much of the third world especially. Many of the third world countries do not have significant, if any, restraints on the amount of dangerous emissions allowed to enter the environment, a change to solar cell energy would eliminate a large portion of the pollution coming form these countries, not to mention the fact that the majority of the third would countries lie closer to the equator then the rest of the 1st world, a great bonus for sun accessibility. Another major issue concerning energy is that of nuclear energy. Based on the discussion with my classmates, and the information given in the lecture, I have to lean my opinion toward promoting the use of nuclear energy; but with some limitations. The high costs of building the nuclear power plants seems to have been an issue of the past because of frequently changing laws...
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Annotations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Annotations - Essay Example The article attempts to drive businesses closer to the social media so as to unleash underlying potentials in the social media. Business communication scholars are urged to include social media in their courses so that exclusive research can be done. Including social media in business communication course may prove to be vital amongst students and industries. Businesses may communicate to their clients and various stakeholders via social media through sharing. Social media is very interactive and booming thus making it the best media for every business to invest in. This article is very relevant especially considering the real increase in and widespread use of social media. It addresses very relevant matter and an issue which can be considered as a current affair. Just like all other articles it dresses an issue regarding business communication. Cheng, S. S., & Seeger, M. W. (2012). Lessons learned from organizational crisis: Business ethics and corporate communication. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(12), 74-86. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1022986453?accountid=45049 This article attempts to analyze collapse of HIH Company in Australia which grew so quickly but did not have sufficient tools to support her growth. Sophy and Mathew assert that lack of operational protocols to sustain the organization’s faster growth and that lies and deceptions can deeply injure the image and function of the company. They examined that HIH’s management did not pay much attention to their stakeholders. Communication strategies used by the management during the crisis as it involved a lot of blame game and denial. No one wanted to own the problem especially the executive. It is apparent that the management put their personal interests above the corporate’s interest thereby revealing the
Friday, November 1, 2019
Reconciling two approaches to attribution of the 2010 Russian heat Research Paper - 1
Reconciling two approaches to attribution of the 2010 Russian heat wave - Research Paper Example The global warming epidemic led to an increase in the anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Their conclusive outcome highly contradicted those of (Dole et al.) they stated that they used information gathered from a large ensemble recreation experiment encompassing an atmospheric and general circulation replica to exhibit that there is no substantive challenge between the two papers. In other words, the same event can occur as a result of internal generation in stipulations of magnitude and external drives in provisions of occurrence probability. The distinction in the conclusions of the papers indicates the significance of accurate and concise specifications of the questions asked in addressing the issue in the context of acknowledgment of individual weather patterns to the external drivers of climate change. There were speculations that there are contradictory explanations in answering the question of whether the heat wave occurred naturally or the extent of the anthropogenic gas emissions directed the cause. However, given the statistical data cumulated where 55,000 people lost their lives, a drop in the annual crop production by 25%, and an overall loss in the economy of an approximated 15billion dollar prompted the investigation of an answer to the society. The heat wave began at the start of July and reached its record temperatures late July and the temperatures started decreasing in August. August 19th was the last break in the high heat. The persistence posed by the anomalous high temperatures extending over a month was likely due to a jamming state of affairs not uncommon in these areas. In 2010, the blocking soaring was immensely persistent and intense accompanied by temperatures 50C above the normal mean. Taking into mind the socioeconomic and ecological factors collisions of s uch events they are of interest whether, or to what degree,
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